Language and Translation Policy

Arabic is the original

• Entries are written first in contemporary Modern Standard Arabic.
• The English version is a translation of it, not an independent text. Nothing is added to it and nothing is omitted from it.

When the English version appears

The English version of an entry is not published until its translation has been reviewed. Until it is reviewed:

• The phrase "No English version yet" appears on the Arabic page.
• And the entry does not appear in the English indexes.

Terminology

• When a term first appears, the Arabic equivalent is written, followed by the English original in parentheses, for example: الذكاء الاصطناعي الوكيلي (Agentic AI).
• The approved equivalent is recorded in the glossary, and is used with the same meaning in every entry.
• If no Arabic equivalent has settled for a term, the circulating ones are stated, the clearest is adopted, and the rest are recorded as alternative names.
• An approved equivalent is not changed silently. Changing it is recorded in the glossary and applied to all entries.

Proper names

• Names of persons and organizations are written in Arabic as the organization itself writes them, or as they have become established in reliable Arabic sources.
• The original name is given beside them at first occurrence.

Sources

The sources are the same in both versions, and their titles are not translated.